Arts and Music
Romantic Composers
Composers of the Romantic period (1820-1900) often looked to nature or heroic tales for inspiration.
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Richard Wagner (born 1813, died 1883)
German composer, librettist and poet.
- Composed the operatic cycle The Ring of the Nibelung
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Edvard Grieg (born 1843, died 1907)
Norwegian composer.
- Composed Peer Gynt
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Anton Bruckner (born 1824, died 1896)
Austrian composer and organist.
- Composed symphonies, grand masses, and choral works
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Carl Maria von Weber (born 1786, died 1826)
German composer who had a major influence on the development of opera.
- Composed Der Freischutz
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Piotr Ilich Tchaikovsky (born 1840, died 1893)
Russian composer.
- Composed The Nutcracker Suite and Swan Lake
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Aleksandr K. Glazunov (born 1865, died 1936)
Russian composer.
- Composed Stenka Razin
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Edward MacDowell (born 1861, died 1908)
American composer.
- Composed To a Wild Rose
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Franz Schubert (born 1797, died 1828)
Austrian composer.
- Composer of chamber music, lieder, and orchestral works
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Gustav Mahler (born 1860, died 1911)
Austrian composer.
- Composed Song of the Earth
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César Franck (born 1822, died 1890)
Belgian composer.
- Composed Panis Angelicus
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Edward Elgar (born 1857, died 1934)
English composer.
- Composed Pomp and Circumstance
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Gustav Holst (born 1874, died 1934)
British composer.
- Composed The Planets
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Antonin Dvorak (born 1841, died 1904)
Czech composer and violinist.
- Composed the New World Symphony
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Bedrich Smetana (born 1824, died 1884)
Czech composer.
- Composed The Bartered Bride
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Jean Sibelius (born 1865, died 1957)
Finnish composer.
- Composed Finlandia
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Johannes Brahms (born 1833, died 1897)
German composer and pianist.
- Composed Hungarian Dances and a famous lullaby
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Richard Strauss (born 1864, died 1949)
German composer.
- Composed Also Sprach Zarathustra
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Robert Schumann (born 1810, died 1856)
German composer, pianist and music critic.
- Composer of symphonies, choral works, piano pieces and songs
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Franz Liszt (born 1811, died 1886)
Hungarian composer, pianist and teacher.
- Composed the Hungarian Rhapsodies
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Umberto Giordano (born 1867, died 1948)
Italian operatic composer.
- Composed Andrea Chénier
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Pietro Mascagni (born 1863, died 1945)
Italian composer.
- Composed Cavalleria Rusticana
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Ferruccio Busoni (born 1866, died 1924)
Italian composer and pianist.
- Composed Doctor Faust
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Gaetano Donizetti (born 1797, died 1848)
Italian composer.
- Composed Lucia di Lammermoor
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Giuseppe Verdi (born 1813, died 1901)
Italian operatic composer.
- Composed Rigoletto and La Traviata
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Giacomo Puccini (born 1858, died 1924)
Italian operatic composer.
- Composed La Bohème and Madame Butterfly
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Ruggero Leoncavallo (born 1858, died 1919)
Italian operatic composer.
- Composed I Pagliacci
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Gioacchino Rossini (born 1792, died 1868)
Italian operatic composer.
- Composed William Tell and The Barber of Seville
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Frydyrick Chopin (born 1810, died 1849)
Polish composer and pianist.
- Composer of mazurkas, polonaises and études for piano
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Mikhail Glinka (born 1804, died 1857)
Russian composer.
- Composed A Life for the Tsar
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Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (born 1844, died 1908)
Russian composer.
- Composed Flight of the Bumblebee
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Aleksandr Borodin (born 1833, died 1887)
Russian composer.
- Composed Prince Igor
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Georges Bizet (born 1838, died 1875)
French opera composer.
- Composed Carmen
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Hector Berlioz (born 1803, died 1869)
French composer.
- Composed Symphonie Fantastique
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Léo Delibes (born 1836, died 1891)
French composer of ballets and operas.
- Composed Lakme
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Emmanuel Chabrier (born 1841, died 1894)
French composer.
- Composed Le Roi Malgré Lui
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Gustave Charpentier (born 1860, died 1956)
French composer.
- Composed Louise
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Jules Massenet (born 1842, died 1912)
French composer.
- Composed Manon
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Gabriel Fauré (born 1845, died 1924)
French composer.
- Composed Requiem
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Charles Gounod (born 1818, died 1893)
French composer.
- Composed the opera Romeo and Juliet
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Camille Saint-Saëns (born 1835, died 1921)
French composer.
- Composed Sampson and Delilah
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Paul Dukas (born 1865, died 1935)
French composer.
- Composed The Sorcerer''s Apprentice
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Édouard Lalo (born 1823, died 1892)
French composer.
- Composed Symphonie Espagnole
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Jacques Offenbach (born 1819, died 1880)
French composer.
- Composed Tales of Hoffmann
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Felix Mendelssohn (born 1809, died 1847)
German composer.
- Composed A Midsummer Night''s Dream
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Giacomo Meyerbeer (born 1791, died 1864)
German composer and pianist.
- Composed Les Huguenots
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Engelbert Humperdinck (born 1854, died 1921)
German composer.
- Composed the opera Hansel und Gretel
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Johann Strauss (born 1825, died 1899)
Austrian composer and conductor known as the ''Waltz King.''
- Composed Die Fledermaus and Tales from the Vienna Woods
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Ivar Hallstrom (born 1826, died 1901)
Swedish composer of operas and operettas.
- Wrote The Vikings
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Modest Mussorgsky (born 1839, died 1881)
Russian composer.
- Composed Pictures at an Exhibition
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Leos Janácek (born 1854, died 1928)
Czech composer.
- Wrote From the House of the Dead
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Saverio Mercadante (born 1795, died 1870)
Italian composer.
- Wrote Elisa e Claudio
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Ethelbert Woodbridge Nevin (born 1862, died 1901)
American composer.
- Wrote ''''Mighty Lak a Rose''''
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Enrique Granados (born 1867, died 1916)
Spanish nationalist composer.
- Wrote the Goyescas
Romantic Composers
Composers of the Romantic period (1820-1900) often looked to nature or heroic tales for inspiration.
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Clara Wieck Schumann (born 1819, died 1896)
German pianist, teacher and composer. Wife of composer Robert Schumann.
- Composer of piano and choral works; noted interpreter of the works of Chopin
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Frances Jane Crosby (born 1820, died 1915)
American composer who lost her vision during childhood.
- Wrote over 600 hymns
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Amy Beach (born 1867, died 1944)
American composer.
- Her Gaelic Symphony (1896) is the first known symphonic work composed by an American woman
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